Symptoms

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A health professional can determine obesity more effectively by measuring people's waist as follow:

 

• Men with a waist circumference of more than 41 inches are likely to develop health problems.

• Women with a waist circumference of more than 36 inches have a higher risk of having health issues.

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The body mass index can be used to assess body fat closely. However, athletes are not recommended to use this method; their BMI may fall into the obesity category when they have low to normal body fat levels. 

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Causes

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• Calorie intake, consuming more calories than the amount used during daily physical activity.

• Bad eating habits, overeating saturated fat, bread, carbohydrates, and sugar.

• Red meats are linked to liver disease, which can lead to metabolic problems. 

• Inherited genetics, a previous story in your family with obesity, increases the risk of being overweight or obese.

• Hormonal issues, people who have obesity in their genes, have a higher risk of dealing with the problem.

• Metabolic problems affect the DNA cells that produce and regulate energy and how the body breaks energy food.

• Disability is a physical impairment in performing regular body movements.

• Psychological problems, depression, social exclusion, guilt and shame, and poor performance at work.

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Risk Factors

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• Diabetes (type 2), when blood glucose is too high. About 80% of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese.

• Hypertension, having high blood pressure, damages the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys and leads to stroke or heart attack.

• Heart disease, high levels of fats and glucose in the body, increase the chance of obesity.

• Cancer, overweight, and obese people are more prone to developing certain types of cancers.

• Being overweight or obese during pregnancy increases the risk of: the development of hypertension, the need for a C-section, and gestational diabetes.​

• Gallbladder disease and imbalances in bile production can cause gallstones and cholecystitis in overweight or obese people.

• Osteoarthritis, being overweight, places extra pressure on joints and cartilage, which raises the risk of dealing with obesity.

• Fatty liver disease, fat that builds up in the liver, may lead to liver cirrhosis or liver failure.   

• Knowledge and understanding of the causes of obesity can help you avoid the condition.

• Environmental, workplace, school, marketing, cultural, and social habits can influence your health choices.

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Prevention

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• Reduce unhealthy foods, refined bread carbohydrates, red and processed meats, sugar, and saturated fats.

• Limit screen and television time; get up more often and walk at least every 45 minutes after sitting. 

• Increase physical activity, work out 45 to 60 minutes 6 days a week, prioritize weight and cardio training in interval phases.

• Reduce stress levels, find your triggers, and minimize or avoid them.

• Sleep quality: try to get at least 8 hours of good quality sleep every night, and reduce screen time before bed.

• Detoxify your main body organs, primarily the liver, digestive system, and blood, to expel harmful toxins.

• Eat foods that make you feel fuller faster, such as apples, vegetables, and fruits high in fiber.

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Vitamins and Supplements for Obesity

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When managing obesity, vitamins and supplements can play a supportive role alongside diet and exercise, but they should never be seen as a substitute for a healthy lifestyle or medical intervention.

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• Vitamin D: People with obesity often have lower levels of vitamin D, which can impact overall health. Supplementing vitamin D may support immune function, bone health, and mood regulation.

• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in fish oil supplements, can help reduce inflammation and improve heart health, which is important for those with obesity who may have a higher risk of cardiovascular issues.

• Green Tea Extract: Some studies suggest that green tea extract, which contains catechins, can help with fat oxidation and weight loss. It may also help improve metabolism.

• Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA): Is a fatty acid that has been promoted for weight loss. Some research suggests it may help reduce body fat and improve lean muscle mass.

• Garcinia Cambogia: This supplement is made from a tropical fruit, and some studies show it might help with appetite control.

• Probiotics: Gut health plays a role in weight management, and certain probiotics may help improve digestion and support weight loss by balancing gut bacteria.

• Fiber Supplements: Helps increase feelings of fullness and may reduce overall calorie intake. It also aids in digestion and helps regulate blood sugar levels.

• Chromium: Is a mineral that helps regulate blood sugar levels and may reduce cravings for sugary foods, although evidence on its effectiveness for weight loss is inconclusive.

• Caffeine: Found in coffee, tea, and some supplements, caffeine can boost metabolism and increase fat burning in the short term.

• Multivitamins: A daily multivitamin can help ensure you’re getting essential nutrients, especially if calorie-restricted diets lead to nutrient deficiencies.

 

When to See a Doctor

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You should see a doctor if:

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• Obesity-related Health Issues: If you have any obesity-related health conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea, or heart disease, it’s important to consult with a doctor for a comprehensive treatment plan.

• Rapid Weight Gain: If you experience sudden or unexplained weight gain, it could signal a health issue like hormonal imbalances or other medical conditions that need attention.

• Mental Health: If you are struggling with emotional eating, body image issues, or if obesity is affecting your mental health (e.g., anxiety or depression), seeking professional help can guide you through the process with support.

• Unsuccessful Weight Loss Attempts: If you’ve tried several methods to lose weight (diet, exercise, supplements) without success, a doctor can help explore medical treatments or a weight-loss program that's tailored to your needs.

• Considering Prescription Weight Loss Medications: If you're considering prescription weight loss medications, a healthcare provider can help determine if this is right for you, considering potential side effects and your overall health.